He aha ka mea o ke aniani? He aha nā ʻano o ke aniani Borosilicate kiʻekiʻe?

I ka manaʻo o ka poʻe, ʻo ke aniani kahi mea akaka, a no ka ʻoi o ka ʻōpala a maʻalahi hoʻi e ʻeha, ʻaʻole ikaika ka palekana. Eia naʻe, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka ke hāʻawi i ka pāʻani piha i nā pono kūlohelohe o ke aniani, akā hoʻoponopono pū i kāna hana e hoʻoponopono ai i kāna mau hemahema. E hoʻolauna mākou i nā mea aniani aniani i hana mau ʻia ma ka ʻāpana aʻe e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o nā aniani borosilicate kiʻekiʻe.

1. He aha ke ʻano o ke kīʻaha aniani?

ʻO nā mea aniani maʻamau ka nui o ka sodium calcium aniani, ke aniani borosilicate, ke aniani-ceramics, ke aniani ʻoluʻolu a pēlā aku.

ʻO ke aniani sodium-calcium, kekahi o ke aniani silicate. ʻO ka nui o ka silica, calcium oxide a me ka sodium oxide. E like me ke aniani pālahalaha maʻamau, nā ʻōmole, nā kini, nā ʻōpuʻu kukui, etc.

Loaʻa ke aniani Borosilicate ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i kekahi o nā ʻokikene metala alkali ma ke aniani maʻamau me ka boron oxide. ʻO ia hoʻi, ke aniani borosilicate kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke aniani borosilicate haʻahaʻa me ka ʻole o nā oxides metala alkali. ʻO ke aniani lei aliʻi a me ke aniani kalaunu barium no ka ʻōnaehana aniani borosilicate alkali. Loaʻa iā ia ka paʻa kemika maikaʻi, no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana kemika.

ʻO ke aniani microcrystalline e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o kekahi mau mea nucleating i loko o ke aniani, ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ka hoʻomālamalama māmā, a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i nā kemika a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokahe like ʻia ka nui o nā kristal liʻiliʻi i loko o ke aniani e hana i kahi ʻāpana microcrystalline paʻa a me kahi paʻakikī polyphase. o ka mahele aniani. Ma ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka helu o nā ʻano a me ka nui o nā kristal, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa nā aniani-ceramics, aniani-ceramics me ka zero expansion coefficient, aniani-ceramics me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻili, nā aniani-ceramics me nā kala like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​aniani-ceramics machinable.

2. He aha nā ʻano o ke aniani borosilicate kiʻekiʻe?

ʻO ke aniani borosilicate kiʻekiʻe (kahi i ʻike ʻia he aniani paʻakikī), ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke aniani i nā ʻano conductive wela kiʻekiʻe, ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i loko o ke aniani e hiki ai ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke aniani, i hana ʻia e ka ʻenehana hana kiʻekiʻe, ma muli o ka linear thermal expansion coefficient o (3.3 0.1) × 10-6/K, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "ke aniani borosilicate 3.3". He mea aniani kūikawā me ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka transmittance kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kemika kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi loa, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lumi kuke nā ipu aniani, ka ikehu o ka lā, ka ʻoihana kemika, ka pahu lāʻau lapaʻau, ke kumu kukui uila, ke kaʻina hana a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike nui ʻia kāna hana maikaʻi e nā ʻano like ʻole o ka honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ikehu lā, Kelemānia, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina kūkulu ʻē aʻe i hoʻolaha nui ʻia.

He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa ko ke aniani Borosilicate o ka hoʻonui wela, ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ke aniani maʻamau. E hōʻemi kēia i ka hopena o ke koʻikoʻi gradient mahana, e hopena i ka ikaika o ka haki ʻana. Ma muli o kona ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka hana kemika paʻa, lilo ia i mea pono i nā kīʻaha kīʻaha olakino olakino, telescopes a me nā aniani. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻolei i nā ʻōpala nuklea kiʻekiʻe.